Education and Population Health: A Reassessment
نویسندگان
چکیده
Within demographic research are numerous reports of consistent and significant associations between formal education attainment and a range of health risks such as smoking, drug abuse, accidents, the contraction of many diseases, and health outcomes such as mortality— almost all indicating the same conclusion: More educated individuals are healthier and live longer. The substantial number of studies reporting a robust education effect along with a weak appreciation of its role as a causal agent leads to confusion about the independent influence of formal schooling. To address the underappreciated effect of education on mortality, three contributions are provided: 1) a macro-level summary of the dimensions of the worldwide educational revolution and a reassessment of its role in macro-level demographic health transitions; 2) a meta-analysis of methodologicallysophisticated studies of the effect of educational attainment on allcause mortality to establish the independence and robustness of the education effect on health ; and, 3) an improved hypothesis about how education is a powerful determinant of health in light of new multidisciplinary cognitive research. Education and Population Health: A Reassessment “Maternal education is the single most significant determinate of these marked differences in child mortality. These are also affected by a range of other socio-economic factors, but no other factor has the impact of maternal education and in their totality they do not even come close to explaining the effects of maternal education.” J.C. Caldwell, from “Education as a Factor in Mortality Decline: An Examination of the Nigerian Data” (1979, p.408)
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